References and notes for
History of politics and health effects from wireless technologies, power lines, etc.
This file provides the references for the above document, which can be found on www.eiwellspring.org/hist/EMFtimeline.htm. Most of the articles and books listed here contain further references.
1870-1881: The Invisible Rainbow: a history of electricity and life, Arthur Firstenberg, AGB Press, 2017.
1886: Heinrich Hertz, Wikipedia.
1889: The telephone as a cause of ear troubles, Waikato Times, November 23, 1889. It quotes the British Medical Journal, but gives no specific reference.
1914-1932: The Invisible Rainbow: a history of electricity and life, Arthur Firstenberg, AGB Press, 2017.
1932(1): Dr. E. Schliephake treats patients with swellings, fevers and infectious diseases using shortwave radiation in the 16 MHz to 67 MHz band. This is called diathermy. He notices that people who operate the machine without protection all get: “weakness in the daytime, disturbed sleep at night, then typical aches in the face and facial skin followed by headaches that keep getting worse.”
Arbeitsergebnisse auf dem Kurzwellengebiet, E. Schliephake, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrifft, Aug 5, 1932.
1932(2): The Invisible Rainbow: A history of electricity and life, Arthur Firstenberg, AGB Press, 2017.
1939-1945: The Invention that Changed the World, Robert Buderi, Touchstone, 1977.
1954: Early experiments found extremely low frequency electric fields affect humans, eiwellspring.org.
ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Field Effects, Michael Persinger (ed), Plenum Press, 1974.
1962: Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy, Allan Frey, Journal of Applied Physiology 17, 689-692, 1962.
Auditory response to pulsed radiofrequency energy, J. A. Elder and C. K. Chou, Bioelectromagnetics, supplement 6, S162-S173, 2003.
1963: Human sensitivity to electric fields, Clarence W. Wieske, Proceedings of Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 1963, 467-475.
1969: A very important symposium (pick of the week), Magda Havas, magdahavas.org, 2011.
1971: Bibliography of reported biological phenomena (‘effects’) and clinical manifestations attributed to microwave and radiofrequency radiation, Naval Medical Research Institute, Zorach Glazer, 1971 (updated 1972).
1975(1): Allan Frey: a pioneer of radiation research, Slow Digital, December 7, 2017. See also ref below.
1975(2): Opinion: cell phone health risk?, Allan Fray, The Scientist, September 25, 2012.
Overpowered: what science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories, 2014. Chapter 8.
1977: Switched-mode power supply, Wikipedia.
The quiet remaking of computer power supplies, Ken Shirriff, IEEE Spectrum, August 2019.
1979(1): Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer, Nancy Wertheimer and Ed Leeper, American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 273-284, 1979.
1979(2): Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 1979, pg 105.
1982: William Rea, personal communication.
1984: Cell Phones: invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
1985: The Body Electric: electromagnetism and foundation of life, Robert O. Becker and G. Selden, Quill, 1985.
1984-1986: Electrical sensitivities in allergy patients, Ray Choy, Jean Monro and Cyril Smith, Clinical Ecology, vol IV, 3.
1987(1): Pionjaren Gunni Nordstrom var med nar riksforbundet grundades (Swedish), Daniel Atterbom, Ljusglimten, 4/2012.
Thomas var forbundets andre och meste ordforande (Swedish), Daniel Atterbom, Ljusglimten, 4/2012.
1987(2): Scientists debate health hazards of electromagnetic fields, William Stevens, The New York Times, July 11, 1989.
1988: Fifty engineers got sick with electrical sensitivities at a telecom research center, eiwellspring.org, 2018.
The Invisible Disease, Gunni Nordstrom, O-Books, 2004.
1989: Early cases of sickness by computers, Gunni Nordstrom, eiwellspring.org, 2018.
Morklaggning: elektronikens rattslose offer (Swedish), Gunni Nordstrom, 2000.
1990(1): Electromagnetic Man, Cyril W. Smith and Simon Best, J.M. Dent, 1990.
1990(2): When Life is Toxic, Robert Reinhold, New York Times Magazine, Sept 16, 1990.
1990(3): The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 defines “impairment” to include:
(1) Any physiological disorder, or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems: neurological, musculoskeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive, genito-urinary, hemic and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine; or
(2) Any mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities.
1990(4): Elektriska och magnetiska fält i byggnader, Yngve Hamnerius, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, 2004.
1991: Electromagnetic Field Sensitivity, William Rea et al., Journal of Bioelectricity, 10 (1&2) 241-256, 1991.
Effects of ELF magnetic fields on patients with chemical sensitivities, Tong Wang, Leslie Hawkins and William Rea, COST 244: Biomedical Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Graz, Austria, September 26-27, 1994.
1992(1): Report of the United Nations conference on environment and development, Annex I: Rio declaration on environment and development, Principle 15. United Nations, August 12, 1992.
1992(2): Magnetite in human tissues: a mechanism for the biological effects of weak ELF magnetic fields, Joseph Kirschvink, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 89: 7683-7687, 1992.
Microwave absorption by magnetite: a possible mechanism for coupling nonthermal levels of radiation to biological systems, Joseph Kirschvink, Bioelectromagnetics, 17: 187-194, 1996.
Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird, Svenja Engels et al., Nature, Vol 509, May 15, 2014.
1992(3): World Health Organization, radiofrequency radiation and health – a hard nut to crack (review), Lennart Hardell, International Journal of Oncology, 2017.
1993: Cell phones: invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
Overpowered: What science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories, 2014 (chapter 8).
1994(1): Microwave-powered ultraviolet lamp, Smithsonian National Museum of
American History, 1996. (The article mentions a visible-light version.)
1994(2): The Henry Lai and Narendra Singh affair:
Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
Peer review in the raw, N.P. Singh, the comet assay and “Radiation Research,” Microwave News, April 30, 2017.
Overpowered: What science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories Press, 2014 (chapters 4 and 8).
How big wireless made us think that cell phones are safe: a special investigation, Mark Hertsgaard and Mark Dowie, The Nation, March 29, 2018.
Acute exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field increases DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells, Henry Lai and Narendra Singh, Bioelectromagnetics, 18: 156-165, 1997.
1994(3): Electromagnetic fields may act directly on DNA, Martin Blank and Reba Goodman, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 75: 369-374, 1999.
Overpowered: What science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories Press, 2014.
1994(4): Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
1994(5): Association between exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields and cancer in electric utility workers in Quebec, Canada and France, Benedict Armstrong et al., American Journal of Epidemiology, Nov. 1994.
Transients and lung cancer: A “strong” association and a “remarkable” exposure– response, Microwave News, Nov/Dec 1994.
Hydro-Quebec bars further work on transient data by McGill University, Microwave News, Nov/Dec 1994.
Transient analysis still on hold, Microwave News, July/Aug 1996.
1996(1): Treatment efficacy: A survey of 305 MCS patients, Jim Leroy et al., The CFIDS Chronicle, winter 1996.
1996(2): Children and cell phones: Time to start talking sense, Microwave News, May 3, 2010 (updated July 10, 2015).
Electromagnetic absorption in the human head and neck for mobile telephones at
835 and 1900 MHz, Om P. Gandhi, Gianluca Lazzi, Cynthia M. Furse, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 44, (10, Oct 1996.
Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
1996(3): Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001 (chapter 14).
1996(4): Telecommunications Act 1996, Section 704(a)(7)(B)(iv): “No State or local government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the placement, construction, and modification of personal wireless service facilities on the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency emissions . . .”
From government service to private practice: Writers of telecom law move to K street, Center for Public Integrity, Oct 28, 2004.
Telecom’s lavish spending on lobbying, Mike Mills, The Washington Post, Dec 6, 1998.
1996(5): Dr. Pascual-Leone’s experiment with 17 patients is reported in the
“Medical Applications” column in the November/December 1996 issue of Microwave News, which cites an article in the July 27, 1996 issue of The Lancet.
1996(6): The Haubitsen environmental housing project, eiwellspring.org, 2013.
1996(7): We have asked around the Swedish EHS community to find out who was the first person, but were not successful. It may have happened in 1997 or 1998; people were not sure.
1997(1): Overpowered: What science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories, 2014 (chapter 8).
1997(2): Neurophysiological effects of flickering light in patients with perceived electrical hypersensitivity, Sandström et al., Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol 39, 1, January 1997.
1997(3): Blood-brain barrier permeability in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless communication, Bertil Persson, Leif Salford and Arne Brun, Wireless Networks, 3 (1997) 455-461.
1997(4): Ireland united against “march of the masts,” Cal McCrystal, London Observer, Nov 16, 1997. Reprinted in No Place to Hide, Dec 1997.
1997(5): RF radiation-induced changes in the prenatal development of mice, IN Magras and TD Xenos, Bioelectromagnetics, 18, 1997.
1998(1): Study of human neurovegetative and hematologic effects of environmental low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields produced by transformers, L. Bonhomme-Faivre, Archives of Environmental Health, March/April 1998, 53(2): 87-92.
1998(2): Iridium satellite constellation, Wikipedia.
1999(1): Genotixicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cels, Raymond Tice and John Graham, Bioelectromagnetics, 2002; 23:113-126.
Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wirelsss age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
1999(4): Insurers balk at risks of phones, Sarah Ryle, The Guardian, April 10, 1999.
1999(2): Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001 (chapter 14 and picture section).
1999(3): How big wireless made us think that cell phones are safe: A special investigation, Mark Hertsgaard and Mark Dowie, The Nation, March 29, 2018.
Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
1999(4): Insurers balk at risks of phones, Sarah Ryle, The Guardian, April 10, 1999.
2000(1): Leif Salford, personal communication.
2000(2): Arbetslivsrapport Nr 2000:5 (Swedish). A summary is available in: Prevalence of electromagnetic hypersensitivity for various professions in Sweden, eiwellspring.org.
2000(3): Black on White: Voices and witnesses about electro-hypersensitivity, Rigmor Granlund-Lind and John Lind, Mimers Brunn, 2005.
2000(4): Aspects of studies on the functional impairment electrohypersensitivity, Olle Johansson, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 10 (2010).
2001(1): Cutaneous mast cells are altered in normal healthy volunteers sitting in front of ordinary TVs/PCs – results from open-field provocation experiments, Olle Johansson et al., Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 2001: 28:513-519.
2001(2): Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlo and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
2001(3): Historical evidence that residential electrification caused the emergence of the childhood leukemia peak, S. Milham and E. M. Ossiander, Medical Hypotheses, 2001.
2002(1): Childhood cancer in the vicinity of the Sutro Tower, San Francisco, Neil Cherry, Lincoln University, September 19, 2002.
2002(2): Letter from Norbert Hankin, Center for Science and Risk Assessment, Radiation Protection Division, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to Janet Newton, President of the EMR Network, dated July 6, 2002.
2002(3): International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields, 2002.
2002(4): Far hodesmerter av mobilstraling, Aud Dalsegg, Dagbladet, March 9, 2002 (Norwegian).
The Leader of WHO gets EHS, eiwellspring.org.
2002(5): COMAR Technical Information Statement: Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity, June 27, 2002.
2002(6): Prevalence of self-reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population-based questionnaire survey, Lena Hillert et al., Scandinavian Journal of Work Environmental Health, 28(1): 33-41, 2002.
Study of self-reported hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields in California, Patrick Levallois et al., Environmental Health Perspectives, August 2002, Supplement 4.
2002(7): Freiburger Appeal, Interdisziplinare Gesallschafft fur Umweltmedizin (IGUMED), Oct 9, 2002.
2002(8): Establishing a dialogue on risks from electromagnetic fields, World Health Organization, 2002. Authors: Patricia Bonner, Ray Kemp, Lee Kheifets, Christopher Portier, Michael Repacholi, Jack Sahl, Emilie van Deventer, Evi Vogel.
2003(1): The Danish cell tower revolt, eiwellspring.org.
2003(2): Effects of global communication system radio frequency fields on well being and cognitive functions of human subjects with and without subjective complaints, TNO-report FEL-03-C148, A.P.M. Zwamborn et al., Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, September 2003.
2004(1): Low-field magnetic stimulation in bipolar depression using an MRIbased stimulator, Michael Rohan et al., American Journal of Psychiatry, 161:1, January 2004.
2004(2): PLT and broadcasting — can they co-exist? (White Paper WHP 099), J. H. Stott, British Broadcasting Corporation, Nov. 2004.
2005(1): Electromagnetic fields and public health — electromagnetic hypersensitivity, fact sheet 296, World Health Organization, December 2005.
2005(2): Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: A systematic review of provocation studies, G. James Rubin, Jayati Das Munshi, Simon Wessely, Psychosomatic Medicine, 67: 224-232, 2005.
2005(3): Attention deficit disorder and stimulant use: an epidemic of modernity, Michael E. Ruff, Clinical Pediatrics, September 2005.
2005(4): Planning for the radio astronomy service, Australian Communications and Media Authority, February 17, 2007.
Australian Radio-Quiet Zone WA (ARQZWA), CSIRO, undated (accessed 2021).
Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, Wikipedia, accessed February 2021.
2006(1): The Danish Cohort Study: The politics and economics of bias, Microwave News, November 3, 2011.
Overpowered: What science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories Press, 2014 (chapter 8).
2006(2): Thank you for smoking, directed by Jason Reitman, Twentieth Century Fox, DVD, 2006.
2006(3): “Radiation Research” and the cult of negative results, Microwave News, July 31, 2006.
2007(1): Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects, Martin Pall, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, August 2013, 17(8): 958-965.
2007(2): The Seven Network in Australia aired a five-minute exclusive interview with John Patterson on its daily prime-time show Today Tonight. The program included footage of Patterson’s stunt with the tank.
Tank man’s $6m rampage, Katherine Danks, Daily Telegraph, July 15, 2007.
2007(3): Development and evaluation of the electromagnetic hypersensitivity questionnaire, Stacy Eltiti et al., Bioelectromagnetics 28: 137-151 (2007).
2007(4): Bioinitiative, a rationale for a biologically-based public exposure standard for electromagnetic fields (ELF and RF), Cindy Sage and Dave Carpenter (editors), Bioinitiative, 2007.
2007(5): Hospital accommodations of electrically hypersensitive patients in Sweden, eiwellspring.org, 2007.
2007(6): Identification of research needs relating to potential biological or adverse health effects of wireless communication devices, National Research Council, The National Academies Press, 2008.
The committee members were: Frank S. Barnes (chair), Om Gandhi, Maila Hietanen, Leeka Kheifets, Rudiger Matthes, David L. McCormick, Bernard Veyret.
2007(7): The town without Wi-Fi, Michael Gaynor, Washingtonian, January 2015.
2007(8): Source of funding and results of studies of health effects of mobile phone use: Systematic review of experimental studies, Anke Huss et al., Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 115, 1, January 2007.
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer: How source of funding affects results, David O. Carpenter, Environmental Research, 2019.
2008(1): Diana Crumpler, personal communication.
Prostituting Science: The psychologisation of MCS, CFS and EHS for political gain, Diana Crumpler, Inkling Australia, 2014.
2008(2): Les Revoltes des Ondes (Resisting the waves), Le Monde, May 2, 2008.
2008(3-4): Disconnect: The truth about cell phone radiation, what the industry has done to hide it, and how to protect your family, Devra Davis, Dutton, 2010.
Fraud charges cast doubt on claims of DNA damage from cell phone fields, Gretchen Vogel, Science, 29, August 2008.
Newer information about Adlkofer is included in: 5G: Great risk for EU, US and International Health, Martin Pall, 2018.
2008(5): Fetal and neonatal responses following maternal exposure to mobile phones, Ahmed Rezk et al., Saudi Medical Journal, 2008, 29(2), 218-223.
2008(6): Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: An observational study, Ashok Agarwal et al., Fertility and Sterility, 89(1), January 2008.
Sperm counts continue to fall, Ashley Fetters, The Atlantic, Oct 12, 2018.
2008(7): Swedish phone line sources in Swedish only:
Teleledningar rivs ner, Karin Olander, BLT/TT, Sept 30, 2008.
Eloverkansliga helt isolerade nar fasta natet rivs, Inger Svednyr, Ljusglimten, 3/2010.
Telia – var god droj med rivningen av fasta telenatet!, Arni Ingvarsson and Maria Goransson, Ljusglimten, 3/2012.
2008(8): Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children, Hozefa Divan et al., Epidemiology, 19 (4), July 2008, 523529.
Cell phone use and behavioral problems in young children, Hozefa Divan et al., British Medical Journal, 2012.
2008(9): Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, Wikipedia.
2008(10): An Arizona public housing project for people disabled by environmental sensitivities, eiwellspring.org, 2010.
2008(11): Occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields and Alzheimer disease: A meta-analysis, Ana Garcia, Antonio Sistenas and Santiago Hoyos, International Journal of Epidemiology, 37, 329-340, April 2008.
2009(1): France has its first radiation-free refuge in the Drome, Daniel Abelous, Agence France Presse, Oct 9, 2009.
2009(2): Protesters shut down cellular base station to protect man with electrical sensitivities, eiwellspring.org. (The article cites a German activist source.)
2009(3): Leif Salford, personal communication.
2009(4): The request was filed with the FCC on December 21, 2009. It appears in the FCC’s Dockets GN 09-51, 09-137 and 09-47. The dockets are available electronically through the FCC’s website.
2009(5): Radiation-free cabin draws attention, eiwellspring.org.
2010(1): A ‘textbook’ toppling: In Washington, monkey-wrenched radio towers rise again, M. L. Lyke, High Country News, November 22, 2010.
2010(2): Josh Hart, the founder of Stop Smart Meters!, personal communication.
2010(3): Disconnect: The truth about cell phone radiation, what the industry has done to hide it, and how to protect your family, Devra Davis, Dutton, 2010.
2010(4): San Francisco board passes cell phone emission law, Trevor Hunnicutt, Associated Press, June 22, 2010.
Overpowered: What science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories Press, 2014 (chapter 8).
2010(5): A copy of Michael Peevey’s e-mail was circulated widely; it was obtained through a Freedom of Information request.
2011(1): Adult and childhood leukemia near a high-power radio station in Rome, P. Michelozzi et al., American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 155, No 2, 2002: 1096-1103.
Supreme court of Italy rules radio transmitter causes cancer, eiwellspring.org.
2011(2): Overpowered: What science tells us about the dangers of cell phones and other WiFi-age devices, Martin Blank, Seven Stories Press, 2014 (chapter 9).
Evaluation of mobile phones and cordless phone use and glioma risk using the Bradford Hill viewpoints from 1965 on association or causation, Michael Carlberg and Lennart Hardell, BioMed Research International, 2017.
Estimating the risk of brain tumors from cell phone use: Published case-control studies, L. Lloyd Morgan, Pathophysiology, 16, 137-147, 2009.
2011(3): Changes of clinically important neurotransmitters under the influence of modulated RF fields — a long-term study under real-life conditions, Klaus Buchner and Horst Eger. Originally published in German language in Umwelt Medizin Gesellschafft, 24(1): 44-57, 2011.
2011(4): IARC drops Anders Ahlbom from RF-cancer panel, Microwave News, May 23, 2011.
2011(5): Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (news), The Lancet, July 2011.
IARC classifies radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans, press release 208, International Agency for Research on Cancer, May 31, 2011.
Non-ionizing radiation, part 2: Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2013.
2011(6): Effects of cell phone radiofrequency signal exposure on brain glucose metabolism, Nora Volkov et al. Journal of the American Medical Association, February 23, 2011.
Cell phone radiofrequency radiation exposure and brain glucose metabolism
(editorial), Henry Lai and Lennart Hardell, Journal of the American Medical Association, February 23, 2011.
Cell phones alter brain activity, Kate Murphy, The New York Times, March 30, 2011.
2011(7): Resolution 1815, the potential dangers of electromagnetic fields and their effect on the environment, Council of Europe, May 27, 2011.
2011(8): Maternal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy in relation to the risk of asthma in offspring, De-Kun Li et al, Arch Pediatric Adoles Med, August 1, 2011.
2011(9): The search for reliable biomarkers of disease in multiple chemical sensitivity and other environmental intolerances, Chiara De Luca, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011, 2770-2797.
2011(10): Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: Evidence for a novel neurological syndrome, David E. McCarty et al., International Journal of Neuroscience, 121, 670-676, 2011.
2012(1): U.S. phase-out of incandescent light bulbs continues in 2014 with 40-, 60-watt varieties, Patrick J. Kiger, National Geographic, December 31, 2013.
Cutting of funds for enforcement of new light bulb efficiency standards will have little effect, Steven Mufson, The Washington Post, December 16, 2011.
2012(2): Guideline of the Austrian Medical Association for the diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses (EMF syndrome), Austrian Medical Association, March 3, 2012.
2012(3): Pediatricians say cell phone radiation standards need another look, Bonnie Rochman, TIME, July 20, 2012.
Letter from Thomas K. McInerny, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, to FCC commissioner Mignon L. Clyburn and FDA commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg, August 29, 2013.
2012(4): The Invisible Rainbow: A history of electricity and life, Arthur Firstenberg, AGB Press, 2017.
2012(5): The cell phone right to know act (H.R. 6358), www.parentsforsafetechnology.org (contains links to more materials).
Cell phones and brain cancer? Until we know for sure, Kucinich urges Cell Phone Right-to-Know Act (press release), Dennis Kucinich, Aug 6, 2012.
Environmental Working Group press release, Alex Formuzis, Dec 20, 2012.
Letter to Representative Dennis Kucinich from president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Thomas K. McInerny, dated December 12, 2012.
2012(6): Taking refuge from modernity: 21st century hermits, I. Boyd, G. J. Rubin and S. Wessely, Journal of Research in Social Medicine, 2012: 105: 523-529.
2012(7): South Redondo Beach residents believe stray voltage is causing unexplained illnesses, CBS Los Angeles, Feb 9, 2012.
Redondo Beach residents address stray voltage concerns with SoCal Edison, CBS Los Angeles, April 9, 2012.
Redondo Beach residents still concerned about stray voltage, CBS Los Angeles, Oct 15, 2012.
$4 million settlement reached in Edison stray voltage case, CBS Los Angeles, March 19, 2013.
Home’s auction shut down over stray voltage concerns in Redondo Beach neighborhood, CBS Los Angeles, Sept 4, 2013.
2012(8): Italian Supreme Court affirms tumor risk from long-term use of a cell phone, Microwave News, October 24, 2012.
Italy: Supreme Court ruling on mobile phones and tumors, Wendy Zeldin, Global Legal Monitor, (Law Library of U.S. Congress), Oct 23, 2012.
2013(1): Autism and EMF? Plausibility of a pathophysiological link — part 1, Martha Herbert and Cindy Sage, Pathophysiology, 20 (2013) 191-209.
2013(2): A Swiss apartment building for people with chemical and electrical sensitivities, eiwellspring.org, 2014.
2013(3): Obama’s bad pick: A former lobbyist at the F.C.C, John Cassidy, The New Yorker, May 2, 2013.
The history of Tom Wheeler with the cell phone industry is told in: Cell Phones: Invisible hazards in the wireless age, George Carlos and Martin Schram, Carroll & Graf, 2001.
2013(4): Royal Decree of 30 July 2013 concerning the availability of consumer information about the Specific Absorption Rate of mobile telephones and concerning the advertising for mobile phones.
New rules for selling mobile phones, www.health.belgium.be.
2013(5): Royal Decree of 30 July 2013 concerning the prohibition of placing on the market any mobile phones specifically designed for young children.
New rules for selling mobile phones, www.health.belgium.be.
2013(6): Can WiFi signals stunt plant growth? Daniel Bean, ABC News, May 24, 2013.
Their original report in the Danish language is: Undersogelse af non-termiske effekter af mobilstraling, Lea Nielsen, Sisse Coltau, Signe Nielsen, Mathilde Nielsen and Rikke Holm, 9B Hjallerup Skole, Feb 28, 2013.
2013(7): Summer camp for families with electrically sensitive children, Sharon Ingram, eiwellspring.org, 2014.
2013(8): Letter to acting commissioner Mignon L. Clyburn and commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg at the Federal Communications Commission from the president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Thomas K. McInerny. It is dated August 29, 2013.
2014(1): Anthropogenic electromagnetic noise disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird, Svenja Engels et al., Nature, Vol 509, May 15, 2014.
2014(2): Faraday Café in Vancouver’s Chinatown blocks cell signals, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News, July 3, 2014.
2014(3): CDC calls for caution on cell phones, then gets cold feet, Microwave News, August 20, 2014.
At C.D.C., a debate behind recommendations on cellphone risk, Danny Hakim, The New York Times, Jan 1, 2016.
2015(1): Reliable disease biomarkers characterizing and identifying electrohypersensitivity and multiple chemical sensitivity as two etiopathogenic aspects of a unique pathological disorder, Rev Environmental Health, 30(4), 251271, 2015.
2015(2): Better Call Saul, created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould, SONY Pictures, 2015.
2015(3): Court bans sale of useless system to protect against EMF through grounding, eiwellspring.org, 2016.
2015(4): Wireless industry sues Berkeley over phone radiation ordinance, Mario Trujillo, The Hill, June 8, 2015.
Berkeley cell phone “right to know” ordinance, Electromagnetic Radiation Safety blog, June 9, 2015.
Cell phone radiation warning sign sparks first amendment battle, Ronnie Cohen, Newsweek, Nov 3, 2016.
2015(5): International EMF Scientist Appeal, EMFscientist.org.
2015(6): Une loi pour encadrer l’exposition aux ondes, Pierre Le Hir, Le Monde, April 7, 2015. (Available in English translation titled “A law to regulate the exposure to the waves”).
France bans Wi-Fi in day cares, restricts infrastructure, John del Sol and Arthur Firstenberg, takebackyourpower.net, February 1, 2015.
2015(7): Teenager ‘kills herself in cry for help over allergy to wi-fi’, Andrew Levy, Daily Mail, Dec 1, 2015.
2015(8): Captured Agency, Norm Alster, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University, 2015.
2016(1): Sometimes asking questions provides you with answers that may be uncomfortable, Maryanne Demasi, Huffington Post, February 19, 2016.
Australian ABC TV Catalyst RF/WiFi documentary, Powerwatch, February 2, 2016.
Audience and Consumer Affairs — Investigation Report, Catalyst Wi-Fried?, Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
2016(2): Autism One 2016: The wireless-free tent experience, www.clearlightventures.com, Sept 8, 2016.
2016(3): Consumer Guide Wireless Devices and Health Concerns, Federal Communications Commission (USA), Consumer and Government Affairs Bureau, Nov 1, 2016.
2016(4): Exposure to mobile telephones carried close to the body, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES), press release, November 21, 2019.
2016(5): Of missiles and melons, The Economist, July 30, 2016.
2016(6): Neurological manifestations among U.S. government personnel reporting directional audible and sensory phenomena in Havana, Cuba, Swanson, R.L. et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, 319, 1125-1133, 2018.
Havana syndrome, Adam Entous and Jon Lee Anderson, The New Yorker, Nov 19, 2018.
Mystery illness linked to RF/microwave radiation, University of California San Diego press release, Sept 2018.
2017(1): The 2017 Arizona law that grants blanket permission to install small cellular base stations, eiwellspring.org, 2017.
House Bill HB 2365, apps.azleg.gov.
2017(2): Gov. Jerry Brown vetoes bill easing permits on cell phone towers, Bay Area News Group, Oct 16, 2017.
2017(3): The Sensitives, directed by Drew Xanthopoulos, Normies Productions, 2017.
The Sensitives movie review, eiwellspring.org, 2017.
2017(4): Meeting with WHO on electromagnetic fields, 3rd of March 2017, ECERI Newsletter, March 2017.
World Health Organization, radio frequency radiation and health — a hard nut to crack, Lennart Hardell, International Journal of Oncology, 2017.
2017(5): The TV series is named “Mellem Himmel og Jord” in Danish. The first episode is about EHS and named “Jeppesen og Straling.” It is 80 minutes long and was aired by the public TV station DR2.
2017(6): Cell phone radiation exposure fact sheet released by California health officials, CBS San Francisco, March 2, 2017.
Long-overdue release of information about cell phone risks, San Francisco Chronicle, March 3, 2017.
Cell Phones and Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, April 2014 (there are different versions).
New records show how state reworked secret cell phone warnings, Melody Gutierrez, San Francisco Chronicle, May 20, 2017.
2017(7): Most U.S. households do without landline phones, William E. Gibson, www.aarp.org, January 10, 2018.
2017(8): Functional brain MRI in patients complaining of electrohypersensitivity after long term exposure to electromagnetic fields, Gunnar Heuser and Sylvia Heuser, Rev Env Health, 2017.
2017(9): The Health of the Millennials, Blue Cross, Blue Shield, April 24, 2019.
2018(1): Representative survey on idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields in Taiwan and comparison with the international literature, Po-Chang Huang et al., BioMed Environmental Health, January 15, 2018.
2018(2): The Afflicted, Dan Partland and Peter Logreco executive producers, Docshop Productions / Netflix, 2018.
The Afflicted — A series painting people with little-understood illnesses as mentally sick, eiwellspring.org, 2018.
2018(3): France bans smart phones from schools, Rory Smith, CNN, July 31, 2018.
2018(4): NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Hsd: Sprague Dawley, radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones. National Toxicology Program TR 596, March 26-28, 2018.
Tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representing environmental emission, Falcioni L., Bua L. et al, Environmental Research, 165: 496-503m 2018.
Comments on the US National Toxicology Program technical reports on toxicology and carcinogenesis study in rats exposed to whole-body radiofrequency radiation at 900 MHz and in mice exposed to whole-body radiofrequency radiation at 1,900 MHz, Lennart Hardell and Michael Carlberg, International Journal of Oncology, Oct 24, 2018.
Evaluation of the genotoxicity of cell phone radiofrequency radiation in male and female rats and mice following subchronic exposure, Stephanie L. Smith-Roe et al., Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, October, 2019.
2018(5): Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz GSM base station environmental emission, L. Falcioni, L. Bua, E. Tibaldi et al., Environmental Research 165, 496-503, 2018.
2018(6): Accelerating wireless and wireline broadband deployment by removing barriers to infrastructure investment, (see sections 6, 7, 10, 30, 33, 34, 36, 46) Federal Communications Commission, Federal Register, Vol 83, No. 199, S1867S1886, Oct 15, 2018.
2018(7): How ultrasonic cerebral tomosphygmography can contribute to the diagnosis of electrohypersensitivity, Philippe Irigaray, Lebar Philipe, Belpomme Dominique, JBR Journal of Clinical Diagnosis and Research, 2018.
2019(1): To grow up healthy, children need to sit less and play more, World Health Organization, News release, April 24, 2019.
2019(2): The statement was made in a letter from the organization’s president, Marianne Ketti, to the prime minister of Sweden. The letter is reprinted in the 1/2019 issue of Ljusglimŧen on page 2.
2019(3): 5gcrisis.com, accessed May 15, 2019.
Marin activists rally against 5G, Adrian Rodriguez, Marin Independent Journal, May 15, 2019.
(Title Unknown), Montgomery Sentinel, May 23, 2019.
2019(4): The 5G health hazard that isn’t, William J. Broad, The New York Times, July 16, 2019.
2019(5): The scheme is called Spectrum Horizons and is intentionally lax to spur innovation of new uses of wireless devices, according to FCC First Report and Order 19-19 of March 15/21/2019. The sale of devices to the public is permitted by section 23.
2019(6): Glodlampor kan bestallas fran kansliet, Ljusglimŧen, 2019/3.
Glodlamporna: bestil manga at gangen! Ljusglimŧen, 2020/3.
Glodlampsnytt!, Ljusglimŧen, 2020/4.
Glodlamporna borjer ta slut for alltid – lagertomning, Ljusglimŧen, 2021/2.
2020(1): Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz), International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Health Physics, March 2020.
World Health Organization, radiofrequency radiation and health – a hard nut to crack, Lennart Hardell, International Journal of Oncology, 2017.
2021(1): Brown v. LAUSD (Appeal No B294240)
JML Law wins appeal in “unprecedented” disability case against LAUSD for failure to accommodate teacher with electromagnetic hypersensitivity, Accesswire, March 26, 2021.
2021(2): United States Court of Appeals case 20-1025, Environmental Health Trust et al. v. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America. August 13, 2021.
2022(1): The Girl Scouts’ latest business project: hailing 5G cellphone technology, Peter Elkind, ProPublica, December 9, 2022.
2022(2): Last call: New York City bids an official farewell to its last public pay phone, Rachel Treisman, National Public Radio website, May 24, 2022.
Most of the listed articles can be found on the internet. A few of the scientific articles are not freely available, but can be found at large university libraries that subscribe to medical databases.
Many of the non-science articles listed contain references to their sources, as do the books listed.
For EHS-related historical information, including the document this is the reference list for, go to: www.eiwellspring.org/ehshistory.html.
2019, updated 2023