References and notes for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Historical Timeline

The main document is available at www.eiwellspring.org/hist/MCStimeline.htm.

Keywords: MCS, history, reference

1914-1918: Late consequences of accidental exposure to inhaled irritants: RADS and the Bhopal disaster (editorial), B. Nemery, European Respiratory Journal, 9, 1996.

1925: Multiple chemical sensitivity, Bette Hileman, Chemical and Engineering News, July 22, 1991.

Chemical Exposures: low levels and high stakes (second edition), Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998.

1947(1): The ad was in the June 30, 1947 issue of TIME.

1947(2): An alternative approach to allergies, Theron Randolph and Ralph Moss, Harper and Row, 1990. Page 56.

1952: The British minister of housing, Harold Macmillan, stated in parliament that “Members can’t blame my colleagues for the weather,” and in a letter wrote “everybody expects the government to solve every problem. It is a symptom of the welfare state.”

When smoke ran like water, Devra Davis, New York: Basic Books, 2002.

1953: An alternative approach to allergies, Theron Randolph and Ralph Moss, Harper and Row, 1990. Page 54.

1961: Psychopathologisch-neurologische Schäden nach Einwirkung synthetischer Gifte, Ulrich Spiegelberg, Wehrdienst und Gesundheit, Darmstadt, Germany, 1961.

1962(1): Human ecology and susceptibility to the chemical environment. Theron Randolph, Charles Thomas Books, 1962.

1962(2): Silent Spring, Rachel Carson, 1962.

Rites of spring. At 50 Rachel Carson's ecology classic is still under attack, Bryan Walsh, TIME, October 1, 2012

Happy 50th anniversary, Silent Spring, Carol Carson, High Country News, May 28, 2012.

1963: Systemic toxic reactions to soft plastic food containers: a double-blind study, Eloise Kailin and Clifton Brooks, Medical Annals of the District of Columbia, January 1963.

1964: The cigarette century, Allan M. Brandt, Philadelphia: Basic Books, 2007.

1965: Allergies: ecological approach, Marseille Spetz, Science, Aug. 19, 1966.

An alternative approach to allergies, Theron Randolph and Ralph Moss, New York: Harper & Row, 1990. Chapter 23

1967: The May 2000 issue of their newsletter The Human Ecology Study Group, states on the front page that it has been published since 1967.

1969: America's sewage system and the price of optimism, TIME, Aug. 1, 1969

1970: Excerpts from president's message on reorganization at environmental agencies, New York Times, July 10, 1970.

When smoke ran like water, Devra Davis, New York: Basic Books, 2002. Chapter 4.

1975: On the cutting edge, Truman Temple, EPA Journal, Oct. 1980

Victims of the 20th century, Trina Stovall, Dallas Morning News, Nov 30, 1980.

1976(1): Report to Congress on Indoor Air Quality. Volume II: assessment and control of indoor air pollution, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, August 1989. (EPA/400/1-89/001C).

Got that stuffy, run-down feeling? Anastasia Toufexis, Jerome Cramer and Michael Mason, TIME, June 6, 1988.

1976(2): Seveso disaster, Wikipedia, accessed July 2019.

When smoke ran like water: tales of environmental deception and the battle against pollution, Devra Davis, New York: Basic Books, 2002.

1977(1): HEAL at 30: some views of MCS, Louise Kosta, The Human Ecologist, Winter 2007.

HEAL chapters and related organizations, The Human Ecologist, 30, fall 1985.

The organization closed 2016.

1977(2): Firemaster 550 the latest flame retardant allowed onto market without thorough study, Michael Hawthorne, Chicago Tribune, May 10, 2012

1978(1): A history of the Love Canal disaster, 1993-1998, Colin Dabkowski, The Buffalo News, august 3, 2018.

1978(2): A Texas colony for people allergic to 'everything,' D.W. Nauss, Dallas Time Herald, Nov. 7, 1982.

Canaries in a coal mine – the 'environmentally ill' find safe haven in Wimberley, Texas, Mike McIntyre, The San Diego Union, Jan. 5, 1992.

1978(3): Environmentally triggered cardiac disease, William J. Rea, Annals of Allergy, 40, 243-251, April 1978.

1979(1): The Human Ecologist, issue 3, 1979 (published by Human Ecology Action League). The only dissenting paper was "Chemical susceptibility's many guises," presented by Claudia Miller.

1979(2): Healthy people: the surgeon general's report on health promotion and disease prevention 1979, page 105.

1981: Chemical ecology – a critical appraisal, California Medical Association Scientific Board Task Force on Clinical Ecology, Western Journal of Medicine, 144, 239-245, Feb 1986.

1982(1): Tommie Goodwin, owner of Ecology Housing, personal communication.

1982(2): A Consumer Guide for the Chemically Sensitive, Debra Lynn Dadd and Alan S. Levin, San Francisco: Nontoxic Lifestyles, 1982.

1983: The Hello, Carol strip was made by Bob Johnson. It was published in the Sunday edition on April 3, 1983.

1984(1): Bill will aid chemical victims, Clear Lake Observer, May 24, 1984.

California Bill: New hope for a nation, Ed Randegger, The Human Ecologist, 29, 1985.

AB 3587 didn't make it, Environmental Illness Association of San Diego newsletter, October 1984.

1984(2): Air pollution may be 10 times worse indoors than out, U.S. study claims, The Salt Lake Tribune/Associated Press, March 29, 1984.

Air pollution 10 times worse inside homes, study finds, Randolph E. Schmid, Minneapolis Star and Tribune/Associated Press, March 31, 1984.

1984(3): Bhopal disaster, Wikipedia, accessed August 2019.

1985(1): California Bill: New hope for a nation, Ed Randegger, The Human Ecologist, 29, 1985

1985(2): Wauconda: fighting for your right to know, June Larson, The Human Ecologist, 30, fall 1985.

The news – pesticide update, The Human Ecologist, 31, Winter 1985-86.

Wauconda; still fighting for your right to know, The Human Ecologist, 32, 1986.

1985(3): The ban passed as citizen’s initiative Proposition 201.

My Story: HEALed part 2, Madeline Rivera, Ecologic News (Tucson HEAL group newsletter), Summer 2020.

1986(1): Clinical ecology, Executive Committee of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 78, 269-271, 1986

1986(2): Toxic warnings – how proposition 65 is working, Elliot Diringer, San Francisco Chronicle, Oct. 20, 1998.

1986(3): Baffling ills hit 'Silicon Valley' workers, Diana Hembree and Sarah Henry, The Arizona Republic/News America Syndicate, Dec. 14, 1986.

Clean computer chips: a human toll? Houston Chronicle, Sept 28, 1998.

1986(4): Got that stuffy, run-down feeling?, Anastasia Toufexis, TIME, June 6, 1988.

1986(5): Human reactions to low concentrations of volatile organic compounds, L. Molhave, B. Bach and O.F. Pedersen, Environment International 12, 167-175, 1986.

1986(6): Healthy House Building for the New Millennium, John Bower, Healthy House Institute, 2000, chapter 16.

1987: Occupational Medicine State of the Art Reviews: workers with multiple chemical sensitivity, Mark R. Cullen, editor, Hanley and Belfus, 1987.

1988(1): EPA has air pollution right under its own roof, Michael Weisskopf, The Washington Post, June 12, 1988.

EPA & the case of the toxic carpet, Joy Zimmerman, Pacific Sun, Nov. 10, 1989.

Every breath she takes, Terese Svoboda, Utne Reader, March-April, 1997.

Got that stuffy, run-down feeling?, Anastasia Toufexis, Jerome Cramer and Michael Mason, TIME, June 6, 1988.

1988(2): Dangerous air pollutants found in public buildings, Michael Weisskopf, Washington Post, Nov. 11, 1988.

EPA cites indoor pollution hazards, Lori Silver, Los Angeles Times, Nov. 11, 1988.

1988(3): The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Sept. 1988 (EPA/400/1-88/004).

1988(4): Multiple chemical sensitivity, Bette Hileman, Chemical and Engineering News, July 22, 1991.

1988(5): Personal communication with the founders, who wish to remain anonymous.

1988(6): Marin General Hospital completely banned cigarette smoking as of September 1st, 1988. Other major hospitals did likewise around this time.

In "Marin Hospital With a Special Sensitivity," by Torri Minton, San Francisco Chronicle, (April 7, 1989) the cigarette problem in hospitals is mentioned.

By 1992 smoking bans were so common that there was a full-page ad for Wrigley's Spearmint chewing gum in the May 19, 1992 issue of Modern Healthcare, a magazine for hospital administrators. The ad stated: "since smoking isn't allowed in your hospital, make sure you have plenty of Wrigley's Spearmint Gum to see you through."

1988(7): Inflight smoking, Wikipedia.

The cigarette century, Allan M. Brandt, Philadelphia: Basic Books, 2007.

1988(8): Chemical exposures: low levels and high stakes (second edition), Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, John Wiley & Sons, 1998. Chapters 7 & 8.

1989(1): L.A. woman gets $75,000 for Bloomingdale's spritz, Los Angeles Times/Associated Press, Nov. 17, 1989

1989(2): The Valdez Crud, Susan Q. Stranahan, Mother Jones, March-April, 2003.

Amputated lives: coping with chemical sensitivity, Alison Johnson, Cumberland Press, 2008.

1989(3): Clinical ecology (position paper), American College of Physicians, Annals of Internal Medicine, III, July 15, 1989.

1989(4): Chemical Sensitivity, Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, New Jersey State Department of Health, 1989.

Multiple chemical sensitivity, Bette Hileman, Chemical & Engineering News, July 22, 1991.

1989(5): Breathing easier in the hospital, Modern Healthcare, May 19, 1989.

Baking out building's toxins, Marin Independent Journal, April 2, 1989.

Marin hospital with a special sensitivity, Torri Minton, San Francisco Chronicle, April 7, 1989.

Convincing a major hospital to be less toxic in 1988, eiwellspring.org, 2018.

1989(6): Kent State Univ. v. Ohio Civil Rights Commission, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Portage County, 64 Ohio App 3d 427 (Ohio Ct. App 1989), 591 NE 2d 1135. December 26, 1989.

1989(7): Up Front: Dear Abby..., The Human Ecologist, Summer 1989.

The Dear Abby column appeared in 1300 newspapers on April 13, 1989.

1989(8): How EPA's new toxics list can help trace nearby hazards, Cristine Russell, Washington Post, June 27, 1989.

Repairing health monitoring programs slashed under the Bush administration, Natural Resources Defense Council, December 2008.

Doubt is their product, David Michaels, Oxford University Press, 2008.

1989-1997: The ABC television programs criticizing MCS or concerns about health effects from chemicals were:

· Big Fear, Little Risks (1989)

· Dr. Dean Edell (Dec. 28, 1990)

· 20/20 Allergic to living (March 1, 1991)

· Dr. Dean Edell (May 24, 1994)

· The Blame Game: are we a country of victims? (Oct 26, 1994)

· Are we scaring ourselves to death? (April 20, 1994)

· 20/20 Allergic to the world (Jan 3, 1997)

Dr. Dean Edell regularly appeared on ABC news programs, he did not have his own show.

1990(1): Mysterious ailment hits casino workers, Mark Evans, San Francisco Chronicle, April 6, 1990.

Casino hit by mystery illness, Eric Brazil, San Francisco Examiner, April 5, 1992.

Acquired intolerance to solvents following pesticide/solvent exposure in a building: a new group of workers at risk for multiple chemical sensitivities?, James E. Cone and Thomas A. Sult, Toxicology and Industrial Health, July 1, 1992.

1990(2): Environmental illness finally acknowledged, E magazine, Sept/Oct. 1990.

Earon Davis. Chemically sensitive boy gains national attention: 1990 pesticide forum, The Reactor, Summer 1990.

1990(3): Multiple chemical sensitivity, Bette Hileman, Chemical & Engineering News, July 22, 1991.

1990(4): Ibid.

1990(5): The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 defines impairment as:

1. Any physiological disorder, or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems: neurological, musculoskeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive, genito-urinary, hemic and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine; or

2. Any mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities.

The signing ceremony was attended by Charles Lamielle (on behalf of Mary Lamielle), Fred Nelson and Mr. and Mrs. Tony Gammage. Others were invited but unable to attend. (According to letter from Earon Davis, published in the October 1990 issue of Human Ecology Study Group's newsletter).

The whittling away of who qualifies under the ADA is described in: Make them go away, by Mary Johnson, Advocado Press, 2003.

1990(6): "Environmental Illness" briefing paper, Karen Creedon, Chemical Manufacturers Association, 1990.

The campaign to discredit MCS, www.eiwellspring.org, 2021.

1990(7): Multiple chemical sensitivity, Bette Hileman, Chemical and Engineering News, July 22, 1991.

Activists were never able to find out what was actually said at this conference, but they got a copy of the agenda which listed four featured speakers: a lobbyist, an insurance company director, an oil industry lawyer and Dr. Abba Terr who was a strong opponent of MCS.

1990(8): Ibid.

Protestors disrupt allergy conference, David Perlman, San Francisco Chronicle, Nov. 10, 1990.

Protestors disrupt MCS medical conference, eiwellspring.org, 2018.

1990(9): Healthy house building for the new millennium, John Bower, Healthy House Institute, 2000, chapter 22.

1990(10): The Agent Orange coverup: a case of flawed science and political manipulation, Report 101-672, Committee on Government Operations, United States House of Representatives, August 9, 1990.

1990(11): Molloy v. United Airlines, et al., case CV920125 FMS.

Simpson v. United Airlines, et al., case C913684 FMS.

United States District Court, Northern District of California.

Susan Molloy, personal communication.

1991(1): History of the rise and fall of environmental medicine in the United States, William J. Meggs, Ecopsychology, 9, June 2017.

Amputated lives: coping with chemical sensitivity, Alison Johnson, Cumberland Press, 2008.

A controlled comparison of symptoms and chemical intolerances reported by Gulf War veterans, implant recipients and persons with multiple chemical sensitivity, Claudia Miller and Thomas Prihoda, Toxicology and Industrial Health 15, 386-397, 1999.

The American Broadcasting Corporation aired a "20/20" program on August 19, 1992, which painted the illness as psychosomatic.

Epidemics of misunderstanding: Gulf vets suffer from shock of war, not gas, Elaine Showalter, Washington Post, December 15, 1996.

Health problems in Persian Gulf war veterans higher due to chemical exposure, study shows, Science Daily, March 18, 2008.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Gulf War Illnesses, Beatrice Golomb, Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, March 10 2008.

1991(2): Chemical exposures: low levels and high stakes, Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.

1992(1): An olfactory-limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: possible relationships to kindling and affective spectrum disorders, Iris Bell, CS Miller, GE Schwartz, Biological Psychiatry 32, 218-242, 1992.

1992(2): Your perfume is making them sick, Denise Hamilton, Los Angeles Times, Dec 15, 1994.

1992(3): Your perfume is making them sick, Denise Hamilton, Los Angeles Times, Dec. 15, 1994.

1992(4): Your perfume is making them sick, Denise Hamilton, Los Angeles Times, Dec. 15, 1994.

New Yorker goes scentless after readers hold noses, The New York Times, Oct 27, 1992.

1992(5): L.A. Law, season 6, episode 118: "I'm ready for my closeup. Mr. Makowitz."

1992(6): Northern Exposure, Universal Studios, fourth season.

1992(7): Multiple chemical sensitivity disorder and environmental illness as handicaps (memo for all regional counsel), George L. Weidenfeller (deputy general counsel), U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, April 14, 1992.

1993(1): New treatment center opens in Mexico, Bio-Talks, Jan. 1993.

Why Mexico? Bio-Talks, Jan. 1993.

New location and services for clinic in Mexico, Bio-Talks, April 1993.

1993(2): Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals.

Daubert Standard, Wikipedia.

Chemical exposures: low levels and high stakes (second edition), Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, John Wiley & Sons, 1998. chapter 7, page 192.

Multiple chemical sensitivity testimony inadmissible under Daubert, court says, Steven Milloy, www.junksciencearchive.com, 1997.

1993(3): Frequent fliers saying fresh air is awfully thin at 30,000 feet, Martin Tolchin, New York Times, June 6, 1993.

Don't treat air quality in planes as a luxury, Jane Portnoy, New York Times (Letters), June 17, 1993.

Airlines ventilating less; passengers getting sick, Martin Tolchin, The Press Democrat, June 6, 1993.

Strange in-flight illness hits some airline crews, Cynthia Flash, Marin Independent Journal/McClatchy News Service, January 2, 1992.

1993(4): The passenger complained to the airline. The General Manager of Swissair Southern Region USA, Martin Isler, replied on February 18. He stated that the passenger had not informed the airline in advance of a special medical need so the crew would have known in advance how to handle the situation.

1993(5): For Brigham nurses, health woes persist, Usha Lee McFarling, Boston Globe, July 23, 1994.

SJC tells judges to evaluate experts, Ralph Ranalli, Boston Globe, august 20, 2000.

Can buildings make you sick? (television/video), NOVA (PBS) and BBC, approx. 1994.

1994(1): Boeing to ill workers: "it's all in your head," Eric Nelson and Mark Worth, Washington Free Press, Feb.-Mar., 1994.

An outbreak of illness among aerospace workers, P.J. Sparks et al., Western Journal of Medicine, July 1990.

Allergic to life: Psychologic factors in environmental illness, G.E. Simon, W.J. Katon, P.J. Sparks, American Journal of Psychiatry.

1994(2): Crippling illness or just 'hysteria?' – it ruined my life says one sufferer, a doctor, Duff Wilson, Seattle Times, Jan 5, 1994.

1994(3): Psychogenic origins of multiple chemical sensitivities syndrome: a critical review of the research literature, A. Davidoff and L. Fogarty, Archives of Environmental Health, 19, 316-325, 1994.

Chemical Exposures: low levels and high stakes (second edition), Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998, (chapter 9).

1994(4): Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals, American Lung Association, Environmental Protection Agency, Consumer Product Safety Commission, American Medical Association, 1994.

1994(5): Experimental home for people with chemical allergies beset by irritants, Jane Adams, Baltimore Sun, April 23, 1995.

$1.8 million buys 11 units for 'sensitive' Californians, Keith Epstein, Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 10, 1994 (see also letters to editor on August 1 and August 7).

1994(6): On May 24, Dr. Dean Edell stated on American Broadcasting Corporation that Ecology House "perpetuates a notion that the syndrome has a physical cause." (As reported in the July-August 1994 issue of The New Reactor).

$1.8 million buy 11 units for 'sensitive' Californians, Keith Epstein, Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 10, 1994. (See also letters to the editor on August 1 and 7 for six pro-MCS comments.)

1994(7): Research house for the environmentally hypersensitive, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 1994.

Practical application of air-quality research incorporated in CMHC’s research house, Jill Rafuse, Canadian Medical Association Journal, April 15, 1995.

1994(8): The cigarette century, Allan M. Brandt, Philadelphia: Basic Books, 2007. “Mr. Butts goes to Washington.”

1995(1): The movie Safe from an MCS Perspective, eiwellspring.org, 2018.

1995(2): Chemical sensitivity in selected European countries: an exploratory study, Nicholas Ashford et al., Commission of European Union, D.G.V., 1995.

Chemical Exposures: low levels and high stakes (second edition), Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998 (chapter 7).

1995(3): Multiple chemical sensitivities under siege, Ann McCampbell, Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, Jan. 2001.

Junk science meets junk journalism, Albert Donnay, presented at the American Public Health Association annual meeting on November 11, 1997.

The ESRI website www.esri.org, no longer exists. We retrieved the year 2000 version through the web archive service www.archive.org, which had versions until 2008.

Activist Albert Donnay applied for membership of ESRI and received their membership fee information, etc.

1995(4): Junk science meets junk journalism, Albert Donnay, presented at the American Public Health Association annual meeting on November 11, 1997.

One newspaper/magazine the piece appeared in was the Spring Grove Merchandiser, February 1996.

1995(5): The strips appeared October 17 and 18, 1995.

1995(6): The Tokyo subway sarin attack has long-term effects on survivors: A 10-year study started 5 years after the terrorist incident, Aya Sugiyama et al., PLOS ONE, June 23, 2020.

1996(1): Baltimore doctor stings ABC team "20/20" group faces wiretap charges after alleged bogus interview, Scott Higham, Baltimore Sun, Oct 18, 1996.

Stossel case to be dropped, Bill Carter, The New York Times, Dec 7, 1996.

1996(2): Chemical Exposures: low levels and high stakes (second edition), Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998 (chapter 9).

Report of the workshop on multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS), Berlin, Germany, 21-23 February, 1996, International Programme on Chemical Safety, august 1996.

Letter to Directors-General, World Health Organization, International Labor Office, United Nations Environment Program, and Director of International Program on Chemical Safety, April 17, 1996. (Later published in Archives of Environmental Health.)

1996(3): The Haubitsen environmental housing project, eiwellspring.org, 2013.

1996(4): Treatment efficacy: a survey of 305 MCS patients, Jim LeRoy, Trina Davis and Leonard Jason, The CFIDS Chronicle, Winter 1996.

1996(5): Prevalence and nature of allergy and chemical sensitivity in a general population, William Meggs et al., Archives of Environmental Health, 51, July/August 1996.

1996(6): Hal Huggins, Wikipedia. Accessed June 2020.

1997(1): International award given to North Dakotan, Bismarck Tribune/AP, Oct. 2, 1997.

Held captive in her own home but locked to a mission, Deena Winter, Bismarck Tribune, Nov. 9, 1997.

Prostituting science: the psychologisation of MCS, CFS and EHS for political gain, Diana Crumpler, Inkling Australia, 2014.

1997(2): Toxicant-induced loss of tolerance – an emerging theory of disease? Claudia Miller, Environmental Health Perspectives, 105 (supplement 2), 445-453, 1997.

Empirical approaches for the investigation of toxicant-induced loss of tolerance, Claudia Miller, Nicholas Ashford et al, Environmental Health Perspectives, 105 (supplement 2), 515-519, 1997.

1997(3): The Final Insult debate debacle, Catherine McIver, Sensitivity Matters, March 1998.

1997(4): The author's own observation at the time, including on trips to multiple states.

1998(1): Development of multiple chemical sensitivities in laborers after acute gasoline fume exposure in an underground tunneling operation, A.L. Davidoff, P.M. Keyl, W. Meggs, Archives of Environmental Health, May-June 1998, 53(3), 183-189.

1998(2): Disability Awareness Guide, Sergeant Michael J. Sullivan, San Francisco Police Department, Feb. 1998, page17.

1998(3): The states issuing proclamations were:

Connecticut (governor John G. Rowland)

Missouri (governor Mel Carnahan)

New Mexico (governor Gary E. Johnson)

North Carolina (governor James B. Hunt Jr.)

Washington (governor Gary Locke)

In 1999, two more states joined:

Kentucky (governor Paul E. Patton)

Massachusetts (governor Argeo P. Cellucci

1998(4): Chemical Exposures: Low Levels and High Stakes (second edition), Nicholas Ashford and Claudia Miller, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1998, chapter 9.

1998(5): Human exposure to volatile organic pollutants: implications for indoor air studies, Lance Wallace, Annual Reviews of Energy and Environment 26, 2001.

1998(6): Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies, J. Lazarou, B.H. Pomeranz, P.N. Corey, Journal of the American Medical Association, April 15, 1998.

1999(1): Prevalence of people reporting sensitivities to chemicals in a population-based survey, Richard Kreutzer, Raymond Neutra and Nan Lashua, American Journal of Epidemiology, 150, July 1999.

1999(2): Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A 1999 Consensus, Archives of Environmental Health, May/June 1999.

2000(1): Amputated lives: coping with chemical sensitivity, Alison Johnson, Cumberland Press, 2008.

2000(2): Everyday chemicals: are they making you sick? Awake!, Aug. 8, 2000.

2000(3): When in Halifax, spare the deodorant, Ruth Walker, Christian Science Monitor, July 2000.

Nickerson, Colin. The smell test: Halifax stirs emotions with ban on scents, Boston Globe, May 26, 2000.

2000(4): Gene-Environment Fact Sheet, The office of genetics and disease prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), August 2000.

2000(5): Frequently asked questions: The Healthy Schools Act, California Department of Education, 2015.

2000(6): EPA settles case involving 3M voluntary disclosures of toxic substance violations (press release), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 25, 2006.

2000(7): Board policy to promote fragrance-free environments, U.S. Access Board, July 26, 2000.

2001(2): Occupational acute anaphylactic reaction to assault by perfume spray in the face, James E. Lessenger, Journal of American Board of Family Practice 14, 137-140, 2001.

2003(1): Symptoms of mothers and infants related to total volatile organic compounds in household products, Alexandra Farrow et al., Archives of Environmental Health, 58 (10), Oct. 2003.

2003(2): Wife arrested in aroma assault, CNN News, May 1, 2003.

Husband takes advantage of misfortune to promote MCS, Our Toxic Times, June 2003.

2003(3): Firemaster 550 the latest flame retardant allowed onto market without thorough study, Michael Hawthorne, Chicago Tribune, May 10, 2012.

2005(1): Police advice for mask wearers, Catherine McIver, Sensitivity Matters, (Australia), publication date unknown.

2005(2): Katrina Kids: sickest ever, Mary Carmichael, Newsweek, December 1, 2008.

FEMA knew of toxic gas in trailers, Spencer Hsu, Washington Post, July 20, 2007.

Amputated lives: coping with chemical sensitivity, Alison Johnson, Cumberland Press, 2008.

2006(1): EPA settles case involving 3M voluntary disclosures of toxic substances violations (press release), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 25, 2006.

2006(2): Parliament adopts REACH – new EU chemicals legislation and new chemical agency (press release), European Union, December 13, 2006.

2006(3): The center was started by Jesper Elberling, a physician who had already seen several Danes with MCS. When the center later was taken over by Sine Skovbjerg the focus shifted to psychological explanations, so it was a minor loss the funding ran out.

2006(4): A tale of two scientists: doctor Alice Stewart and Sir Richard Doll, Gayle Green. In: Corporate ties that bind, (Martin J. Walker, editor), New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2017.

2007(1): Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects, Martin Pall, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Aug. 17, 2013.

Explaining "unexplained illnesses," Martin Pall, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007.

2007(2): State board calls methods of Dallas doctor 'pseudoscience,' Kim Horner, Dallas Morning News, October 30, 2007.

Letter to patients about Texas State Medical Board disciplinary action from Dr. William J. Rea, Environmental Health Center, September 2007.

Dr. William Rea exonerated in Texas, Mary Budinger, Public Health Alert, www.publichealthalert.org (undated).

William J. Rea legal defense fund – Dallas clinic to close?, Varda Burstyn, Eco-Sense, fall 2008.

Personal communication with a member of Dr. Rea's legal team, who wishes to remain anonymous.

2008(1): ADA Amendments Act of 2008, Wikipedia. Accessed October 2019.

2008(2): Diana Crumpler, personal communication.

Prostituting science: the psychologisation of MCS, CFS and EHS for political gain, Diana Crumpler, Inkling Australia, 2014.

2008(3): Ontario bans lawn and garden pesticides, Murray Campbell, The Globe and Mail, April 22, 2008.

Ontario's cosmetic pesticides ban, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, March 4, 2009.

2009(1): American healthy homes survey: a national study of residential pesticides measured from floor wipes, Daniel M. Stout II, Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 4294-4300, 2009.

2009(2): CDC Indoor Environmental Quality Policy, June 22, 2009, page 9. It States:

Fragrance is not appropriate for a professional work environment, and the use of some products with fragrance may be detrimental to the health of workers with chemical sensitivities, allergies, asthma and chronic headaches/migraines.

2010(1): United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division, Susan McBride v. City of Detroit, CA #2:07-CV12794, Settlement agreement, Feb. 12, 2010.

Detroit restricts perfume, Action News Detroit, March 15, 2010.

2010(2): Gulf coast parents speak: children’s health in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Jaishree Beedasy et al., Environmental Hazards, 2020.

Children exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil spill suffered physical and mental health effects (press release), Sarah Fecht, State of the Planet, Earth Institute, Columbia University, July 15, 2020.

2011(1): Indgang for allergikere, MCS Info, (Danish newsletter), March 2012.

Airports accommodate people with chemical sensitivities, eiwellspring.org, 2018.

2011(2): Non-allergic cutaneous reactions in airborne chemical sensitivity – a population based study, Nikolaj Drimer Berg, Allan Linneberg, Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen, Asger Dirksen, Jesper Elberling, International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 214, 239-245, 2011.

2012: Taking refuge from modernity: 21st century hermits, I. Boyd, G.J. Rubin and S. Wessely, JR Soc Med, 105, 523-529, 2012.

2013(1): Homesick, directed by Susan Abod, Dual Power Productions, 2013.

2013(2): A Swiss apartment building for people with chemical and electrical sensitivities, eiwellspring.org, 2014/2016.

2013(3): Exposure to toxic environmental agents, committee opinion number 575, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, October 2013.

2014(1): Danish supermarket chain drops fabric softener, chlorine and Microban, eiwellspring.org, 2015.

2014(2): Recent insights into 3 underrecognized conditions, Howard Hu, Cornelia Baines, Canadian Family Physician, June 2018.

2014(3): Policy on Environmental Sensitivities, Canadian Human Rights Commission, January 2014.

It states: "This medical condition is a disability and those living with environmental sensitivities are entitled to the protection of the Canadian Human Rights Act."

2015(1): Study finds autism, ADHD run high in children of chemically intolerant mothers, Rosanne Fohn, University of Texas Health News, July 9, 2015.

Maternal chemical and drug intolerances: potential risk factors for autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Lynne Heilbrun et al., Journal American Board of Family Medicine, July 7, 2015.

2015(2): The man who brought down Volkswagen, Charlotte Alter, TIME, Nov. 30, 2015.

10 monkeys and a beetle: Inside VW's campaign for 'Clean Diesel,' Jack Ewing, New York Times, Jan 25, 2018.

The triumph of doubt, David Michaels, New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Chapter 10.

2015(3): Missing link found between brain, immune system; major disease implications, Science Daily, June 1, 2015.

The seventh sense, Jonathan Kipnis, Scientific American, August 2018.

2016(1): Walmart is pushing its suppliers to drop 8 controversial chemicals, Joe Raedle, Fortune, July 21, 2016.

2016(2): Walmart is pushing its suppliers to drop 8 controversial chemicals, Joe Raedle, Fortune, July 21, 2016.

The eight chemicals are: formaldehyde, triclosan, butylparaben, toluene, diethyl phtalate, nonylphenol exthoxylate, dibutyl phtalate, propylparaben.

2017(1): The Sensitives movie review, eiwellspring.org, 2017.

2017(2): Caltrans must pay $3 million after losing appeal in worker's perfume allergy lawsuit, Wes Venteicher, Sacramento Bee, March 28, 2019.

2018(1): National prevalence and effects of multiple chemical sensitivities, Anne Steinemann, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, March 2018.

2018(2): The Afflicted – a Netflix series painting people with little-understood illnesses as mentally sick, eiwellspring.org, 2018.

2018(3): Goodbye to lead in hair dyes, Britt Erickson, Chemical & Engineering News, Oct. 30, 2018.

2018(4): Volatile chemical emissions from essential oils, Neda Namatollahi, Spas Kulev, Anne Steinemann, Air quality, atmosphere and health, 2018.

2018(5): Wisconsin DOT implements fragrance-free rest stops, Breanna Butler, OnFocus, Nov 8, 2018.

2019(1): Serotonin linked to somatic awareness, a condition long thought to be imaginary (press release), McGill University, June 19, 2019.

A functional substitution in the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzyme worsens somatic symptoms via a serotonergic pathway, Samar Khoury, et al. Annals of Neurology, June 2019.

2019(2): Food allergy knowledge, attitudes and their determinants among restaurant staff: a cross-sectional study, Adrian Loerbroks et al., Plos One, April 24, 2019.